Abstract
Wind Power Plant (PLTA) is a system that converts wind kinetic energy into electrical energy. One type of wind turbine used is the Savonius vertical axis wind turbine, which has a rotation axis perpendicular to the wind’s direction and the earth’s surface. This type of turbine has the advantage of having a high initial torque to rotate even at relatively low wind speeds. This characteristic makes it ideal for application in Indonesia’s urban environments with low to medium wind speeds.
This study analyzed the pressure acting on the wind turbine blades (propellers) by varying the ratio between the blades’ height and width. Each turbine model was subjected to the same load. The turbine used is included in the vertical-axis wind turbine category. The analysis was carried out numerically using SolidWorks software.
The simulation results showed that the maximum load on the frame reached 62.7 MPa in the second design, while the minimum load occurred in the first design with a value of 36.68 MPa. In addition, the loading also affected the deformation of the turbine blades, especially in the middle of the blade. The maximum shift occurred in the third design with a value of 8.709 × 10⁻⁴ mm, while the minimum shift was recorded in the first design with a value of 3.046 × 10⁻⁴ mm.
Kata kunci: Wind Turbine; Savonius Wind Turbine; Static Loading; Simulation.
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Angin (PLTA) merupakan sistem yang memanfaatkan energi kinetik angin untuk dikonversi menjadi energi listrik. Salah satu jenis turbin angin yang digunakan adalah turbin angin sumbu vertikal tipe Savonius, yang memiliki sumbu rotasi tegak lurus terhadap arah hembusan angin maupun terhadap permukaan bumi. Jenis turbin ini memiliki keunggulan berupa torsi awal yang tinggi, sehingga tetap mampu berputar meskipun pada kecepatan angin yang relatif rendah. Karakteristik ini menjadikannya sangat ideal untuk diaplikasikan di lingkungan perkotaan di Indonesia yang umumnya memiliki kecepatan angin rendah hingga sedang.
Dalam studi ini, dilakukan analisis terhadap tekanan yang bekerja pada bilah (baling-baling) turbin angin, dengan memvariasikan rasio antara tinggi dan lebar bilah. Setiap model turbin dikenai pembebanan yang sama. Turbin yang digunakan termasuk ke dalam kategori turbin angin sumbu vertikal. Analisis dilakukan secara numerik menggunakan perangkat lunak SolidWorks.
Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pada rancangan kedua, beban maksimum pada rangka mencapai 62,7 MPa, sedangkan beban minimum terjadi pada rancangan pertama dengan nilai 36,68 MPa. Selain itu, pembebanan tersebut juga memengaruhi deformasi pada bilah turbin, khususnya pada bagian tengah bilah. Pergeseran maksimum terjadi pada rancangan ketiga dengan nilai sebesar 8,709 × 10⁻⁴ mm, sementara pergeseran minimum tercatat pada rancangan pertama dengan nilai 3,046 × 10⁻⁴ mm.
Kata kunci: Turbin Angin; Turbin Angin Savonius; Pembebanan Statis; Simulasi.
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