Fabrication and Characterization of Injectable Hydrogel Based on Carboxymethylcellulose-Hyaluronic with Variation Hydroxyapatite as a Candidate Regenerative Medicine for Osteoporosis
Fabrikasi dan Karakterisasi Hidrogel Injeksi Berbahan Dasar Carboxymethylcellulose-Asam Hialuronat dengan Variasi Hidroksiapatit Sebagai Kandidat Regenerative Medicine Untuk Osteoporosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30595/jrst.v10i1.28564Keywords:
Osteoporosis, Hydrogel, Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Hyaluronic acid, HydroxyapatiteAbstract
Osteoporosis is a disease can make bones brittle and weak by reducing bone mass and altering bone's microarchitecture. Osteoporosis increases every year, and it is predicted that in 2050, osteoporosis will cause an increase in bone fractures in men by 310% and in women by 240%. Existing treatments for osteoporosis, such as bisphosphonate therapy and tissue transplantation, have several limitations. Hydrogel is a new solution to overcome osteoporosis. In this research, hydrogels are fabricated using three combinations of materials: carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hyaluronic acid, and hydroxyapatite. In this study, hydrogels were fabricated using a blending method combining CMC, hyaluronic acid, and hydroxyapatite in four formulations: 1:1:0, 1:1:1, 1:1:2, and 1:1:3. The study will identify the optimal hydrogel formulation as a candidate for regenerative medicine in osteoporosis. The XRD results show hydroxyapatite is successfully incorporated into the hydrogels. The fluid affinity test results show that the fabricated hydrogels include 3E, 2E, and 1E. Based on viscosity tests, all fabricated hydrogels fulfill the viscosity requirements for injectable hydrogels, with viscosities ranging from 5 to 200,000 mPa.s. In the stability test, the hydrogels were stable after the freeze-thaw cycle. All of the hydrogels fabricated have an injectability approach 100%. Afterward, the resuspension test showed no change in pH, and formulation 1:1:1 resuspended the least. The SEM results indicate a pore size of 87.06 ± 41.63 μm, and the morphology shows that hydroxyapatite successfully fills the pores. Based on the test results, the 1:1:1 formulation is a strong candidate for regenerative medicine applications in osteoporosis
ABSTRAK (Bahasa Indonesia)
Osteoporosis adalah kondisi penyakit yang dapat membuat tulang rapuh dan lemah disertai dengan berkurangnya massa tulang serta perubahan mikroarsitektur tulang. Osteoporosis ini meningkat setiap tahunnya dan diprediksi dapat meningkatkan terjadinya patah tulang pada tahun 2050 sebesar 310% pada pria dan 240% pada wanita. Solusi yang ada untuk osteoporosis saat ini berupa terapi bifosfonat dan transplantasi jaringan yang masih memiliki keterbatasan. Hidrogel merupakan solusi terbarukan untuk menangani osteoporosis. Pada penelitian ini hidrogel difabrikasi dengan menggunakan metode pencampuran yang mengombinasikan CMC, asam hialuronat, dan hidroksiapatit sebanyak empat variasi formulasi, yaitu 1:1:0, 1:1:1, 1:1:2, dan 1:1:3. Penelitian ini akan menemukan formulasi hidrogel yang optimal sebagai kandidat regenerative medicine osteoporosis. Hasil XRD menunjukkan hidroksiapatit berhasil terinkorporasi dalam hidrogel. Hasil uji fluid affinity menunjukkan bahwa hidrogel memiliki tipe yang berbeda-beda. Hasil pengujian viscosity menunjukkan seluruh sampel memenuhi viskositas hidrogel yang dapat diinjeksi yaitu 5 sampai 200.000 mPa.s. Uji stability menunjukkan semua sampel bersifat stabil. Seluruh hidrogel yang difabrikasi memiliki tingkat injectability yang mendekati 100%. Hasil uji percolation menunjukkan formulasi hidrogel 1:1:1 memiliki kemampuan slow release. Kemudian, uji resuspension tidak menunjukkan abnormalitas pH dan hidrogel 1:1:1 memiliki kemampuan pembentukan endapan kembali paling lama. Hasil uji SEM menunjukkan ukuran pori sebesar 87,06 ± 41,63 μm dan morfologi menunjukkan hidroksiapatit telah berhasil mengisi pori matriks. Dari keseluruhan hasil pengujian, formulasi 1:1:1 dapat sebagai kandidat regenerative medicine untuk osteoporosis.
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