Evaluasi Motor Listrik Sebagai Penggerak Mobil Listrik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30595/jrst.v3i2.4424Keywords:
Motor listrik, motor induksi, mobil listrik, emisi nolAbstract
Pengembangan konsep kendaraan Low-Cost Green Car (LCGC) dan zero emission menjadi fokus penelitian pada beberapa negara. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi cadangan bahan bakar minyak yang terus menurun dan bahaya pencemaran lingkungan. Motor listrik merupakan satu – satunya penggerak utama yang dapat diaplikasikan pada mobil listrik yang mengusung kedua konsep tersebut. Pada generasi awal pengembangan mobil listrik, motor DC menjadi solusi yang paling sesuai dikarenakan kemudahan pengoperasiannya dan pengaturan kecepatannya. Setelah teknologi kontrol vektor untuk motor induksi ditemukan dan dikembangkan, motor induksi mulai dipakai oleh beberapa pabrikan mobil listrik. Pada kontrol vektor, fluks dan torsi pada motor induksi dapat dikendalikan secara terpisah sehingga pengaturan motor induksi menyerupai motor DC. PMSM merupakan satu – satunya jenis motor listrik yang mampu menyamai motor induksi sebagai penggerak mobil listrik. Namun, PMSM memiliki kekurangan yang sangat vital yaitu mudah mengalami kerusakan magnetisasi akibat panas atau reaksi armature, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengaplikasikan PMSM pada mobi listrik. Motor listrik jenis SRM banyak digunakan pada mobil hybrid yang memadukan penggunaan mesin berbahan bakar minyak dengan motor listrik. SRM memiliki banyak kekurangan apabila diaplikasikan pada mobil listrik berskala kecil namun sangat sesuai untuk diaplikasikan pada mobil listrik berskala besar seperti bis.
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