Abstract

Persoalan lingkungan menjadi semakin kompleks, tidak hanya bersifat praktis, konseptual, ekonomi saja, tetapi juga merupakan masalah etika baik sosial maupun bisnis. Hukum pidana tidak hanya melindungi alam, flora dan fauna (the ecological approach), tetapi juga masa depan kemanusiaan yang kemungkinan menderita akibat degradasi lingkungan hidup (the antropocentris approach). Sanksi pidana bagi korporasi yang melakukan pencemaran dan/atau perusakan lingkungan hidup seringkali mengalami kendala yaitu diantaranya mencari ahli kehutanan, ahli perkebunan, ahli pidana korporasi memerlukan waktu yang lama, saksi atau calon tersangka tidak diketahui keberadaannya, terutama warga asing serta kondisi geografis sulit dijangkau. Dalam kasus Montara maka perlu adanya upaya-upaya mengorganisasikan secara sistematis kebijakan kriminal (criminal policy) dengan menggunakan secara berpasangan langkah-langkah yuridis (penggunaan hukum perdata, hukum administrasi dan hukum pidana) maupun langkah-langkah non yuridis dalam bentuk tindakan-tindakan pencegahan dalam mengatasi kendala-kendala di atas. Selain itu diperlukan kerjasama penegakan hukum dengan pendekatan multi-door (terpadu).

Kata kunci: sanksi, pidana korporasi, lingkungan hidup

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