Abstract

This study analyses the paradigm shift in the regulation of territorial boundaries and jurisdiction of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as stipulated in Law No. 43 of 2008 on State Territory. The study focuses on Articles 2, 3, 5, and 14–18 with an International Cooperation approach, which emphasises the importance of shifting from defensive sovereignty to collaborative sovereignty in state border governance. Normatively, this study uses a doctrinal legal analysis method with a conceptual and comparative approach to the principles of international law, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The results of the study indicate that the norms in Law No. 43 of 2008 need to be transformed from an administrative paradigm to a diplomatic-integrative paradigm. The management of state borders not only serves to maintain territorial integrity but also strengthens Indonesia's position as a norm entrepreneur in border diplomacy and regional maritime cooperation. This paradigm shift places international cooperation, mutual benefits, and the principle of equity as the new foundation for the formulation and implementation of state territorial boundary policies. Thus, the concept of state territorial regulation shifts from a closed sovereignty approach to an open, cooperative sovereignty, in line with Indonesia's free and active foreign policy.

There is no Figure or data content available for this article

References

• Abidin, N. E. J., & Deliarnoor, N. A, The Authority of Borderland Management in Indonesia. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, Vol. 5 No. 4 (2018), https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.54.4336
• Agusman, Damos Dumoli. Hukum Perjanjian Internasional: Kajian Teori dan Praktik Indonesia. (Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2020).
• Aljundi, M. F., et al. “The Function of International Law in Realizing a Just and Peaceful World Order.” JUSTICES: Journal of Law 4, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.58355/justices.v4i3.206.
• Asfar, A. Harmonisasi Perencanaan Pembangunan Wilayah Pesisir. (Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2025).
• Badan Informasi Geospasial. Regional Data of the Republic of Indonesia. (Jakarta: BIG, 2024).
• Bormasa, A., J. D. Pasalbessy, dan E. Ubwarin. “Penegakan Hukum di Wilayah Laut pada Wilayah Perbatasan Negara.” PATTIMURA Legal Journal 1, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.47268/pela.v1i1.5902
• Browne, Craig. “A Moral Order of Mutual Benefit.” Thesis Eleven 86, no. 1 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513606066243.
• Candra, G. A. E. “Perspektif Hukum Internasional Mengenai Kerja Sama Bilateral.” Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha 10, no. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.23887/jpku.v10i3.52033
• Chen, Cuicui, Yaxin Geng, and Jialong Nie. “Research on the Compulsory Conciliation System.” Science of Law Journal 2, no. 1 (2023).
• Christanto, Joko, Widiyana Riasasi, dan Dwi Sudaryati Fathonah. “Overview Kebijakan Pengelolaan Perbatasan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI).” Dalam Pengelolaan Wilayah Perbatasan NKRI, disunting oleh Lutfi Muta’ali, Djaka Marwasta, dan Joko Christanto, 15. Yogyakarta: UGM Press, 2018.
• Damayanthi, Ni Made Risma. “Tinjauan terhadap Pengelolaan Perbatasan Menurut Perspektif Hukum Internasional.” Konsensus 2, no. 3 (2025):
• Damayanthi, N. M. R., “Tinjauan terhadap Pengelolaan Perbatasan Menurut Perspektif Hukum Internasional,” Konsensus: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi 2, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.62383/konsensus.v2i3.984.
• Firdaus, S. U., dan P. A. N. Panjaitan. “Reformulasi Hukum untuk Mewujudkan Sistem Perundang-undangan Adaptif dan Responsif.” Proceeding APHTN-HAN 2, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.55292/2thnr771.
• Fransiskus, F., dan A. Rifawan. “Peran Indonesia sebagai Norm Entrepreneur dalam Konsepsi Sentralitas ASEAN melalui Inisiatif Karbon Lintas Batas Berbasis CCS.” Padjadjaran Journal of International Relations 7, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.24198/padjir.v7i1.58082
• Geospatial Information Agency. Regional Data of the Republic of Indonesia. (Jakarta: BIG, 2024).
• Goodrich, L. M. “The Peaceful Settlement of Disputes.” Journal of International Affairs (1955).
• Hasan, Y. A., dan M. SH. Hukum Laut Konservasi Sumber Ikan di Indonesia. (Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2021).
• Hornborg, Alf. “Cornucopia or Zero-Sum Game? The Epistemology of Sustainability.” Journal of World-Systems Research 9, no. 2 (2003). https://doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2003.245.
• Iqbal, F. M., dan I. Irawati. “Hukum Internasional sebagai Perangkat Politik: Pembuatan Perjanjian Internasional oleh Pemerintah Daerah di Indonesia.” Caraka Prabu: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 7, no. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/10.36859/jcp.v7i2.1833.
• Irianto, B. S. “Penegakan Hukum di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (ZEEI) dalam Rangka Kepentingan Nasional Indonesia di Bidang Kelautan.” Jurnal Justiciabelen 4, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.30587/justiciabelen.v4i2.3564.
• Kapahese, I. V. M. “Tinjauan tentang Penyelesaian Sengketa Batas Wilayah antar Negara Menurut Perspektif Hukum Internasional.” Lex Administratum 9, no. 3 (2021). https://doi.org/10.23887/jld.v3i1.1298
• Keohane, Robert O. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984).
• Kennedy, P. S. J., et al. “Kajian Normatif Pengelolaan Perbatasan dan Kelembagaan Pusat–Daerah Berdasarkan Rencana Induk Pengelolaan Perbatasan Negara.” Ikraith Ekonomika 1, no. 2 (2018).
• Levine, Daniel. Recovering International Relations: The Promise of Sustainable Critique. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).
• Likadja, J. A. C. Revitalisasi Sistem Pertahanan dan Keamanan Nasional sebagai Pilar Kedaulatan Negara. (Kupang: Faculty of Law – Undana, 2023).
• Loupatty, Q. J., C. D. Massie, dan J. V. L. Pontoh. Penyelesaian Sengketa Batas ZEE yang Tumpang Tindih melalui Mekanisme Perjanjian Internasional. Disertation, Universitas Katolik De La Salle, 2016.
• Manik, J. D. N. “Pengaturan Hukum Perbatasan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Wilayah Negara.” Progresif: Jurnal Hukum 12, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.33019/progresif.v12i1.954.
• Mangku, D. G. S. “Peran Badan Nasional Pengelolaan Perbatasan (BNPP) dalam Menjaga Kedaulatan Wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial 4, no. 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.23887/jiis.v4i2.16532
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Progress Report on Indonesia’s Maritime Boundary Negotiations. (Jakarta: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2024).
• Maswandi, “The Management Of The Border Region In Perspective International Law (Indonesia-Malaysia)”, International Asia Of Law and Money Laundering (IAML), Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022), https://doi.org/10.59712/iaml.v1i1.4
• Muryani, Maria Anna. Hukum Internasional: Konsepsi Penyelesaian Sengketa Internasional dan Perspektif Hukum Islam. (Semarang: CV.Lawwana, 2025).
• Oegroseno, A. H. Memaknai Kedaulatan Indonesia dalam Hubungan Antarbangsa. (Yogyakarta: UGM Press, 2024).
• Paulo, Sebastian. International Cooperation and Development: A Conceptual Overview. German Development Institute/Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik Discussion Paper 13/2014, April 24, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2430206.
• Purwanti, E. “Dekonstruksi Equitable Principle dalam Hukum Laut Internasional.” Tanjungpura Law Journal 1, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.26418/tlj.v1i1.18332.
• Reinhold, Samuel. “Good Faith in International Law.” UCL Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 2 (2013). https://doi.org/10.14324/111.2052-1871.002
• Rizkia, N. D., dan H. Fardiansyah. Metode Penelitian Hukum (Normatif dan Empiris). (Bandung : Widina Press, 2023).
• Ruslijanto, P. A., et al. Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Internasional. (Malang: Universitas Brawijaya Press, 2022).
• Samekto, F. A., dan M. SH. Negara dalam Dimensi Hukum Internasional. (Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti, 2018).
• Sidiq, F. F. Menyigi Batas Negeri: Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Koordinasi Pengelolaan Batas Wilayah Negara Indonesia. (Yogyakarta : Bintang Pustaka Madani, 2021).
• Silalahi, Dwi Grace Rosalia. “Analisis Perkembangan Batas Laut Indonesia di Wilayah Perairan Indonesia Menurut Hukum Laut Indonesia maupun Hukum Laut Internasional.” Jurnal Hukum Indonesia 2, no. 2 (April 2023). https://doi.org/10.58344/jhi.v2i2.23
• Suryokusumo. “Yurisdiksi Negara vs. Yurisdiksi Ekstrateritorial.” Indonesian Journal of International Law 2 (2004). https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol2.4.1
• Triatmodjo, M., et al. Pulau, Kepulauan, dan Negara Kepulauan. (Yogyakarta: UGM Press, 2022).
• Widiartana, P. W. “Kedudukan dan Kewenangan Badan Nasional Pengelola Perbatasan di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 51, no. 1 (2021).
• Yoesry, E., et al. Pengantar Hukum Internasional. (Jakarta: PT Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia, 2025).
• Zein, Y. A. “Politik Hukum Pengelolaan Wilayah Perbatasan Berbasis Pemenuhan Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 23, no. 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol23.iss1.art6.

How to Cite This

Article Metrics

Download Statistics

Other Statistics

Copyright and Permissions

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with Kosmik Hukum agree to the following terms:

1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Data Availability