PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN IBU-IBU MENGENAI PERILAKU PENGOBATAN SENDIRI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CBIA DI TIGA KABUPATEN DI JAWA TENGAH

Abstract

ABSTRAK Kemudahan masyarakat dalam memperoleh obat tanpa resep menimbulkan kecenderungan meningkatnya pengobatan sendiri. Informasi yang keliru dalam pengobatan sendiri dapat memperparah penyakit pasien dan meningkatkan biaya pengobatan. Pemakaian obat yang rasional perlu digiatkan dan diinformasikan secara luas. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan yaitu edukasi dengan metode Cara Belajar Ibu Aktif (CBIA). CBIA dirancang oleh Bagian Farmakologi Klinik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta pada tahun 1993 dan kemudian diadaptasi secara nasional oleh Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia pada tahun 2008 untuk digunakan sebagai rujukan nasional. CBIA merupakan metode yang efektif dalam hal penyampaian informasi obat dengan melibatkan subjek secara aktif yaitu mendengar, melihat, menulis dan melakukan evaluasi tentang pengenalan jenis obat dan bahan aktif yang dikandung, serta informasi lain yang terkandung dalam kemasan obat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penerapan CBIA yang dilakukan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan perilaku pengobatan sendiri pada ibu-ibu di beberapa kecamatan di tiga kabupaten. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest dan posttest dengan dua kelompok yaitu kelompok CBIA dan ceramah. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji paired t-test dan independent-sample t-test dengan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa edukasi dengan metode CBIA dan ceramah meningkatkan nilai pengetahuan dan perilaku tentang pengobatan sendiri dan metode CBIA lebih efektif dibanding metode ceramah. Kata kunci: metode CBIA, pengobatan sendiri, over the counter (OTC). ABSTRACT Increased availability and access to over the counter (OTC) and pharmacist-only drugs has resulted in the higher tendencies of people indulging in self-medication. However, irrational behaviour of self- medication may lead to both increasing incidence of adverse events and soaring cost of medication. Therefore, knowledge regarding the appropriate use of medicines, particulary those used for self-medication is essesential. CBIA (Cara Belajar Ibu Aktif) is an active learning method aimed to improve mother’s knowledge and skills in using mainly over the counter drugs for self medication. CBIA module was designed by Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, in 1993 and eventually adopted by Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2008 is to be used as national reference. CBIA applies problem-based and self-learning process which actively involves the participants to observe, record and evaluate drug-related informations provided mainly on the pharmaceuticals packages. This research aimed at evaluation of effectiveness of CBIA in improving mothers knowledge, behaviour and attitude toward self-medication in compare to seminar, a more convensional method in delivering information. The research was conducted in three districts in Central Java involving 776 people. In each district, 194 women were recruited as participants and equally divided into 2 groups. First group recievied information according to CBIA module while in the second group, the information was delivered through seminar method. Before and after treatment, a set of questions were asked to all of the participants to measure their knowledge and attitude toward self-medication. The resultant data obtained were quantified and analised statistically using T-test. The result showed that there was a significant raise in knowledge and attitude of participants in both groups (p<0.001), however, the increase was significantly greater in CBIA group (p<0.05). Therefore, this study suggests that CBIA module is an effective method to equip mothers to critically asses drug-related information essential for self-medication. Key words: CBIA (cara belajar ibu aktif), self-medication, over the counter (OTC).