ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA OPERASI HITUNG DASAR PENGURANGAN PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS II SEKOLAH DASAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30595/jkp.v19i2.26978Abstract
Abstrak. Kesulitan belajar matematika, khususnya pada operasi hitung dasar pengurangan, seringkali menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi siswa sekolah dasar. Fenomena ini tidak hanya menghambat pemahaman konsep matematis yang lebih kompleks di kemudian hari, tetapi juga dapat menimbulkan dampak psikologis seperti kecemasan dan rendahnya kepercayaan diri pada anak. Penelitian ini secara spesifik berfokus pada analisis mendalam mengenai kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh seorang siswa kelas II di sebuah Sekolah Dasar Swasta di Piyungan. Menariknya, meskipun siswa ini menunjukkan kemampuan yang baik dalam operasi penjumlahan dan perkalian dasar, ia justru mengalami hambatan yang signifikan ketika berhadapan dengan operasi pengurangan. Melalui metode Single Subject Research (SSR) dengan desain AB, yang melibatkan fase baseline dan intervensi, penelitian ini berupaya mengungkap akar permasalahan kesulitan belajar tersebut. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa kesulitan subjek dalam pengurangan bersifat spesifik, mengesampingkan adanya kesulitan belajar matematika secara umum. Beberapa faktor penyebab kesulitan ini teridentifikasi, antara lain pemahaman konsep pengurangan yang belum utuh, ketidaksesuaian pendekatan pembelajaran dengan gaya belajar unik subjek, serta kurangnya dukungan pembelajaran dari lingkungan sekitar. Selain itu, kecemasan terhadap matematika dan pengalaman negatif sebelumnya yang terkait dengan mata pelajaran ini juga turut memperparah kesulitan yang dialalami siswa. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan pembelajaran yang lebih konkret dan kontekstual, yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik individu siswa. Selain itu, dukungan emosional yang kuat dari guru dan lingkungan belajar yang suportif menjadi krusial dalam membantu anak mengatasi hambatan belajar matematika dan membangun fondasi yang kokoh untuk pemahaman konsep di masa depan.
Kata Kunci: Analisis, Kesulitan belajar, Matematika, Pengurangan
Abstract. Difficulties in learning mathematics, particularly in basic subtraction operations, often pose a unique challenge for primary school students. This phenomenon not only hinders the understanding of more complex mathematical concepts in the future but can also lead to psychological effects such as anxiety and low self-confidence in children. This study specifically focuses on an in-depth analysis of the difficulties faced by a second-grade student at a private elementary school in Piyungan. Interestingly, although this student demonstrated good ability in basic addition and multiplication operations, he encountered significant obstacles when faced with subtraction operations. Through the Single Subject Research (SSR) method with an AB design, which involves a baseline and intervention phase, this study seeks to uncover the root causes of these learning difficulties. The results of the study indicate that the subject's difficulties in subtraction are specific, ruling out the possibility of general difficulties in learning mathematics. Several factors contributing to these difficulties were identified, including an incomplete understanding of the concept of subtraction, a mismatch between the teaching approach and the subject's unique learning style, and a lack of learning support from the surrounding environment. Additionally, anxiety towards mathematics and previous negative experiences related to the subject
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