Produksi Jamur Entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana pada Limbah Pertanian dan Patogenisitasnya terhadap Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30595/jrst.v9i1.20678Keywords:
Spodoptera litura, Beauveria bassiana, Produksi, Patogenisitas, Media TumbuhAbstract
Ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura) merupakan salah satu Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) yang menyerang berbagai tanaman seperti kacang tanah, tembakau, kacang kedelai, kacang hijau, ubi jalar, bawang merah, cabai, dan jagung. Beauveria bassiana merupakan salah satu jamur entomopatogen yang memiliki kemampuan dalam mengendalikan serangga hama seperti S. litura. B. bassiana dikulturkan di media tumbuh dari limbah pertanian yang berupa molase tebu dan dedak padi dengan teknik kultur cair. Selanjutnya, biakan cair B. bassiana dari perlakuan media tumbuh diuji patogenisitasnya terhadap S. litura. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh media tumbuh pada sporulasi, daya kecambah, dan patogenisitas B. bassiana terhadap S. litura. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan jenis penelitian eksperimental dengan 2 tahap penelitian. Tahap pertama yaitu menumbuhkan B. bassiana di beberapa perlakuan media tumbuh (molase tebu, dedak padi, dan Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB)). Tahap kedua yaitu B. bassiana (yang telah ditumbuhkan di beberapa perlakuan media tumbuh) diuji patogenisitasnya pada S. litura tahap larva instar III. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sporulasi tertinggi terdapat pada kultur B. bassiana di perlakuan media PDB (21,417 × 109 spora/ml), diikuti dengan perlakuan media dedak padi 13% (6,058 × 109 spora/ml). Sedangkan, daya kecambah spora tertinggi terdapat pada kultur B. bassiana di perlakuan media dedak padi 13%, yaitu 57,54%. Kultur B. bassiana di perlakuan media dedak padi 13% mengakibatkan mortalitas larva instar III S. litura tertinggi, yaitu 53,33%.
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