Bioethanol Synthesis from Areca Nut (Arecha catechu L.) Fiber Waste through Variations in Hydrochloric Acid Concentration and Hydrolysis Time
Sintesis Bioetanol dari Limbah Sabut Pinang (Arecha catechu L.) melalui Variasi Konsentrasi Asam Klorida Dan Waktu Hidrolisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30595/jrst.v10i1.26945Keywords:
Areca nut, Hydrolisis, Fermentation, Bioethanol, EnergyAbstract
Bioethanol is produced through the fermentation of glucose by microbes from biomass containing sugar, starch, cellulose, and lignocellulose. This study aims to determine the effect of varying concentrations of hydrochloric acid and hydrolysis time on the yield of reducing sugars and bioethanol concentration from areca nut husks. This study uses two independent variables, namely variations in acid concentration and hydrolysis time on the optimum acid concentration. The method used is the separate hydrolysis method and fermentation with variations in hydrochloric acid concentration of 1; 3; 5; and 7% and variations in hydrolysis time between 40; 50; 60; and 70 minutes at a temperature of 200°C. Fermentation was carried out with 10% inoculum using Saccharomyses cerevisiae yeast at room temperature for 4 days with a stirring speed of 200 rpm. Analysis of reducing sugars was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, while ethanol content was analyzed using a GC-FID instrument. The results of the analysis showed that the optimum reducing sugar content was 65.25% obtained at a hydrochloric acid concentration of 3% and a hydrolysis time of 60 minutes. Ethanol analysis using GC-FID showed three peaks with an ethanol retention time of 3.263 minutes and an ethanol content of 22.29%.
ABSTRAK (Bahasa Indonesia)
Bioetanol dihasilkan melalui fermentasi glukosa oleh mikroba dari biomassa yang mengandung gula, pati, selulosa, dan lignoselulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi asam klorida dan waktu hidrolisis terhadap perolehan gula pereduksi dan konsentrasi bioetanol dari sabut pinang. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua variabel independen, yaitu variasi konsentrasi asam dan waktu hidrolisis terhadap konsentrasi asam optimum. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode hidrolisis terpisah dan fermentasi dengan variasi konsentrasi asam klorida 1; 3; 5; dan 7% serta variasi waktu hidrolisis antara 40; 50; 60; dan 70 menit pada suhu 200 °C. Fermentasi dilakukan dengan inokulum 10% menggunakan khamir Saccharomyses cerevisiae pada suhu kamar selama 4 hari dengan kecepatan pengadukan 200 rpm. Analisis gula pereduksi dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, sedangkan kadar etanol dianalisis menggunakan instrumen GC-FID. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kadar gula pereduksi optimum sebesar 65.25% yang diperoleh pada konsentrasi asam klorida 3% dan waktu hidrolisis 60 menit. Analisis etanol menggunakan GC-FID menunjukkan tiga puncak dengan waktu retensi etanol 3.263 menit dan perolehan kadar etanol sebesar 22.29%.
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