Sub-acute toxicity evaluation of Ziziphus spina-christi and Adenanthera pavonina leaf extracts combination in rats: an in vivo study
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Background: The safety of combined herbal extracts remains underexplored, particularly for Ziziphus spina-christi and Adenanthera pavonina, which contain bioactive compounds with potential toxic effects.
Objective: To evaluate the sub-acute toxicity of combined leaf extracts on hematological, biochemical, and organ morphology parameters in Wistar rats.
Method: Thirty male and female rats were randomized into five groups receiving vehicle control or extract doses of 4000, 8000, and 10,000 mg/kg BW for 21 days following OECD 407. Blood hematology, renal biomarkers, bilirubin levels, organ weight, and morphology were analyzed.
Results: Mortality increased dose-dependently, reaching 20% in males and 10% in females at 10,000 mg/kg BW. Hematology and renal biomarkers showed no significant differences (p>0.05). Total bilirubin increased at the highest dose. Morphological abnormalities, including pale discoloration and dark foci, were observed in liver and kidneys at higher doses.
Conclusion: The combination extract is safe up to 8000 mg/kg BW, while 10,000 mg/kg BW induces organ alterations and increased mortality.
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