Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol 96% Biji Kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merr.) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Escherichia coli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30595/pharmacy.v19i2.13712Keywords:
Antibakteri, Escherichia coli, maserasi, Propionibacterium acnes, Sandoricum koetjape, skrining fitokimiaAbstract
Antibiotik sering digunakan sebagai monoterapi untuk pengobatan penyakit infeksi. Namun, penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dan digunakan secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan bakteri patogen memiliki sifat resisten terhadap antibiotik. Akibatnya angka kejadian resistensi cepat mengalami kenaikan. Penelitian antibakteri dari bahan alam merupakan salah satu upaya guna mengurangi potensi kenaikan angka resistensi terhadap antibiotik. Kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr.) merupakan tumbuhan tropis dari famili Meliaceae yang tersebar di Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, dan Vietnam. Kecapi telah digunakan sebagai obat tradisional dan diketahui memiliki aktivitas farmakologi diantaranya yaitu sebagai antiinflamasi, antikanker, antioksidan, dan antimikroba. Penelitian ini mengkaji kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol 96% biji kecapi terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Escherichia coli. Ekstrak etanol 96% biji kecapi diperoleh dengan cara maserasi. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif. Aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Data diameter zona bening pada uji antibakteri dianalisis menggunakan metode one-way annova dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Berdasarkan uji skrining fitokimia diketahui bahwa ekstrak etanol 96% biji kecapi mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan triterpeoid. Analisis Duncan menunjukkan bahwa seluruh perlakuan menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri yang berbeda nyata (pvalue<0,05). Nilai diameter zona bening tertinggi ekstrak diperoleh pada konsentrasi 600mg/ml terhadap P. acnes yaitu sebesar 17.4±0.78 mm, dan aktivitasnya termasuk dalam kategori daya hambat kuat. Konsentrasi 600, 500, 400, dan 300 mg/ml ekstrak etanol 96% biji kecapi memiliki efektivitas yang sama terhadap E. coli, daya hambatnya termasuk daya hambat lemah. Ekstrak etanol 96% biji kecapi lebih efektif menghambat pertumbuhan P. acnes dibandingkan dengan E. coli pada konsentrasi 600, 500, 400, dan 300 mg/ml.
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