Tingkat Pengetahuan terhadap Vaksin Tifoid: Survei pada Orang Tua di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30595/pharmacy.v17i1.6906Keywords:
demam tifoid, literasi kesehatan, vaksin tifoidAbstract
Demam tifoid merupakan infeksi sistemik yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi. Vaksin dapat melindungi anak dari penyakit yang mematikan. Pengetahuan tentang vaksinasi penting bagi orang tua untuk mengembangkan sikap positif sehingga mendukung pada program vaksinasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat pengetahuan demam tifoid dan vaksin tifoid orang tua di Indonesia. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian observasional survei dengan pendekatan multi-center cross sectional yang dilakukan pada orang tua di 5 Provinsi di Indonesia yaitu DI Yogyakarta, Lampung, Jawa Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, dan Sulawesi Tengah. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri dari 28 pertanyaan yang meliputi pertanyaan informasi sosiodemografi dan tingkat pengetahuan tentang demam tifoid dan vaksin tifoid. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2019 sampai Desember 2019. Data dianalisis menggunakan software IBM SPSS Statistics 25, untuk analisis karakteristik sampel digunakan analisis deskriptif yang menggambarkan keseluruhan data sampel penelitian berupa data sosiodemografi dan data pengetahuan. Analisis inferensial yang digunakan yaitu uji Mann Whitney untuk melihat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan responden tentang demam tifoid dan vaksin tifoid antar kelompok pada karakteristik sosiodemografi responden. Rata-rata nilai pengetahuan dari 500 responden adalah 77%. Item pengetahuan yang masih kurang pada pertanyaan tentang cara penularan penyakit, dosis vaksin tifoid dan vaksin tifoid tidak termasuk dalam program jaminan kesehatan nasional. Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai pengetahuan antar kelompok pada karakteristik kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan (p=0,039), pernah mendengar tentang vaksin tifoid (p=0,000) dan pernah melakukan vaksinasi tifoid (p=0,002). Diperlukan adanya program intervensi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penyakit demam tifoid dan vaksin tifoid. Â
References
Akunuri, S. dan Dayal, A. 2016. What do parents think? knowledge and awareness about newer vaccines: a cross-sectional study in South Indian City. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 3(4): 1301-1306.
Alenazi, A.A.S., Alshareef, R.A., Alabudib, F.A., Alsayagh, Y.M., Almuqarrab, A.J.H. 2017. Assessment of knowledge and attitude and practice of parents about immunization in Jeddah City. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 69(7):2939-2943.
Angadi, M.M., Jose, A.P., Udgiri, R., Masali, K., Sorganvi, V. 2013. A study of knowledge, attitude and practices on immunization of children in urban slums of Bijapur City, Karnataka. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 7(12):2803-2806.
Berera, D. dan Kimberly, T. 2015. Medical Student Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Immunization. Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination, 6: 1.
Dillyana, T.A. dan Nurmala, I. 2019. Hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan persepsi ibu dengan status imunisasi dasar di Wonokusumo. Jurnal PROMKES, 7(1):67-77.
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DIY. 2019. Data Prevalensi dan Survailans Demam Tifoid Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta: Dinkes Provinsi DIY.
Getachew, D., Wale, B., Eshete, W., Getahun, B., Demise, W., Shewasinad, S., Deres, T. 2018. Assessment of knowledge and risk perception towards typhoid fever among communities in Mendida Town, Ethiopia 2018. EC Paediatrics, 7(12):1141-1157.
Hijani, R., Nauli, F.A., Zulfitri, R. 2014. Hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi tehadap kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Dumai Kota Kelurahan Dumai Kota. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa, 1(1):1-9.
Kaljee, L.M., Pach, A., Thriemer, K., Ley, B., Jiddawi, M., Puri, M., Ochiai, L., Wierzba, T., Clemens, J., Ali, S.M. 2013. Desirability for a typhoid fever vaccine among rural residents, Pemba Island, Tanzania. Vaccine, 31(29):2994–2999.
Maharajan, M.K., Rajiah, K., Num, K.S.F., Yong, N.J. 2015. Knowledge of human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer and willingness to pay for cervical cancer vaccination among ethnically diverse medical students in Malaysia. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 16(14):5733-5739.
Maulina dan Nanda, S.D. 2017. Perbedaan pengetahuan mahasiswa laki-laki dan perempuan tentang pencegahan penyakit demam tifoid. Idea Nursing Journal, VIII(2):50-55.
Milligan, R., Paul, M., Richardson, M., Neuberger, A. 2018. Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(5):CD001261.
Mugada, V., Chandrabhotla, S., Kaja, D.S., Machara, S.G.K. 2017. Knowledge towards childhood immunization among mothers & reasons for incomplete immunization. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7(10): 157-161.
Nadiyah, H. 2017. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepesertaan program JKN Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Remaja Kota Samarinda. Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia, 06(02):66-72.
Nahimana, M.R., Ngoc, C.T., Olu, O., Nyamusore, J., Isiaka, A., Ndahindwa, V., Dassanayake, L., Rusanganwa, A. 2017. Knowledge, attitude and practice of hygiene and sanitation in a burundian refugee camp: implications for control of a Salmonella typhi outbreak. Pan African Medical Journal, 28(54):29184606.
Napolitano, F., Polla, G.D., Angelillo, I.F. 2019. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of parents towards recommended adult vaccinations: an explanatory survey in the geographic area of naples, Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12):1-10.
Ngorsuraches, S., Nawanukool, K., Petcharamanee, K., Poopantrakool, U. 2015. Parents’ preferences and willingness to pay for human papilloma virus vaccines in Thailand. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 8(20):1-9.
Nurhidayati, 2016. Hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi dasar terhadap kelengkapan imunisasi dasar di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pisangan Kota Tangerang Selatan Tahun 2016. Skripsi. Jakarta: Universitas Islam Negri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Purnava, M.H. 2016. Optional vaccines for better immunization: awareness among mothers. Nitte University Journal of Health Science, 6(1):53-56.
Sadeq, T.N. dan Jabar, R.K. 2017. Knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers towards typhoid fever disease. Iraqi journal of Medical Sciences, 15(1):71-77.
Slunge, D. 2015. The willingness to pay for vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis and implications for public health policy: evidence from Sweden. Plos One, 10(12):e0143875.
Sunny, A., Rameh, S., Shankar, B.K. 2018. A study to assess and correlate the knowledge, attitude and practices of vaccination among mothers with educational status in a teaching hospital in South India. Primary Health Care, 08(1):1000290.
Tran, B.X., Than, P.T.Q., Doan, T.T.N., Nguyen, H.L.T., Mai, H.T., Nguyen, T.H.T., Le, H.T., Latkin, C.A., Zhang, M.W., Ho, R.C. 2018. Knowledge, attitude, and practice on and willingness to pay for human papillomavirus vaccine: a cross-sectional study in Hanoi, Vietnam. Patient Preference and Adherence, 12:945-954.
Vo, T.Q., Tran, Q.V., Vo, N.X. 2018. Customers preferences and willingness to pay for a future dengue vaccination: a study of the empirical evidence in Vietnam. Patient Preference and Adherence, 12:2507-2515.
Wahyuni, N.S. 2012. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas Sumber Rejo Kota Balikpapan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur tahun 2012. Skripsi. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.
Worasathit, R., Wattana, W., Okanurak, K., Songthap, A., Dhitavat, J., Pitisuttithum, P. 2015. Health education and factors influencing acceptance of and willingness to pay for influenza vaccination among older adults. BMC Geriatrics, 15(136):1-14.
Yaita, K., Yahara, K., Hamada, N., Sakai, Y., Iwahashi, J., Masunaga, K., Watanabe, H. 2018. Typhoid vaccination among japanese travelers to South Asia and the factors associated with compliance. Internal Medicine, 57(8):1071-1074.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
